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Home maintenance checklist: what to do and how often

Updated

Most home maintenance isn't hard. It's just easy to forget, because each job comes around on its own schedule. The filter is every few months, the gutters are twice a year, and the water heater is once a year if you remember at all.

This checklist groups the common jobs by how often they come up. Treat the intervals as sensible defaults. Your appliance manuals, your climate, and how hard you use things can all move them, and the manufacturer's schedule always wins.

Every month

JobHow oftenWhy it matters
Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarmsMonthlyPress the test button. An alarm that doesn't sound can't warn you.
Check the HVAC filterMonthly look, replace every 1 to 3 monthsA clogged filter makes the system work harder and pushes dust around the house.
Test GFCI outletsMonthlyPress Test, then Reset. These protect you from shock near water.
Look under sinks and around toiletsMonthlyA slow leak is cheap to fix when you catch it early.
Clean the dishwasher filterAbout monthlyFood buildup causes smells and dishes that don't come out clean.
Check the fire extinguisher gaugeMonthlyThe needle should sit in the green.

Every three to six months

JobHow oftenWhy it matters
Clean the range hood filterEvery 1 to 3 monthsGrease buildup cuts airflow and is a fire risk.
Run a washing machine cleaning cycleEvery 1 to 3 monthsStops detergent residue and mildew smells.
Replace the fridge water filterAbout every 6 monthsMost manufacturers recommend six months or a set number of gallons.
Vacuum refrigerator coilsEvery 6 to 12 monthsDusty coils make the fridge run longer to stay cold.
Lubricate garage door hinges and rollersEvery 6 monthsKeeps the door quiet and takes strain off the opener.

Twice a year, spring and fall

JobHow oftenWhy it matters
Clean gutters and downspoutsSpring and fallBlocked gutters send water toward your roof edge and foundation.
Service heating and coolingCooling in spring, heating in fallA yearly checkup for each catches problems before the season you need it.
Check caulk and weatherstrippingSpring and fallGaps around windows and doors leak air and let water in.
Walk the outside of the houseSpring and fallLook for loose shingles, cracked siding, and soil sloping toward the house.

Once a year

JobHow oftenWhy it matters
Flush the water heaterYearly, more often with hard waterSediment at the bottom of the tank makes it less efficient and shortens its life.
Clean the dryer vent ductYearlyLint in the duct is a leading cause of dryer fires. Clean the lint trap every load.
Replace smoke alarm batteriesYearly, unless sealed 10-year unitsReplace the whole alarm about every 10 years.
Have the chimney inspectedYearly if you use itCreosote buildup can catch fire.
Test the sump pumpYearly, before the wet seasonPour water in the pit and make sure it kicks on.

How to actually keep up with it

The list isn't the hard part. Remembering that the fridge coils were last done in March is the hard part. A checklist on paper tells you what to do, but not when you last did it.

What works is giving each job its own repeating reminder, and writing down the date every time you do it. Then the next due date takes care of itself, and anyone else in the house can see it too.

Common questions

What home maintenance should be done every year?

Flush the water heater, clean the dryer vent duct, have heating and cooling serviced, replace smoke alarm batteries unless they're sealed 10-year units, test the sump pump, and have the chimney inspected if you use it.

How much should I budget for home maintenance?

A common rule of thumb is to set aside 1% to 4% of your home's value each year. Older homes and harsher climates sit at the higher end. Tracking what you actually spend is the best way to find your own number.

What's the most commonly forgotten home maintenance task?

The HVAC filter and the dryer vent duct. Both are out of sight, both come around on a schedule that's easy to lose track of, and both cause real problems when skipped.